The Best Exercise Machines For Osteoporosis

What Is Osteoporosis | Why Is Exercise Important | Machine Exercises | Exercises To Try

Osteoporosis is a condition which causes the bones to become brittle and weak. In the early stages, there are little to no symptoms, which means you may not be aware you have this condition until it's already progressed. In the UK alone, over 3 million people have osteoporosis with 500,000 suffering fractures as a result each year.

In this blog, PureGym Romford based Personal Trainer and Assistance Gym Manager Emma Vincent, who has trained and qualified to work with GP Referrals on health conditions such as osteoporosis, looks at what this condition is, how exercise can help to manage this condition, and some of the best gym machine exercises for individuals with osteoporosis.

What is osteoporosis

From childhood up until around the age 20, our bone density increases. Once it reaches its peak, it remains relatively stable, until around 35 years old when it starts to decrease. This is known as bone resorption, and it is a natural and normal occurrence. 

However, some people go on to develop osteoporosis, a condition which causes the bone resorption to happen at a faster rate. This results in weak, fragile bones that are more susceptible to breaks.

There are multiple factors that can lead to osteoporosis, with key contributors being diet and hormones. Not getting enough calcium or vitamin D in the diet over time can mean that more calcium is lost through the bones than is replaced, causing increased bone loss.

Many hormones also play a role in this condition; both oestrogen and testosterone are linked to healthy bones, and older women are more likely to develop osteoporosis after the menopause as oestrogen levels fall at this time. Certain hormone disorders can also increase the likelihood of osteoporosis.

How exercise can help osteoporosis

Weight bearing exercise such as strength training causes the muscles and tendons to apply force on the bone. In the same way that body responds to tears in the muscle by growing the muscle, it responds to force on the bone by building more bone. This can help to prevent bone loss and even improve bone mass, as long as your nutrition is adequate.

Exercising can also help to improve balance and reduce the likelihood of the falls which can lead to fractures.

Why use fixed resistance machines

While exercise is essential to bone health, someone with osteoporosis may have limitations to what they can safely do, especially if they are new to exercising.

Fixed resistance machines are great for beginners and people with health conditions as they follow a fixed movement pattern. This reduces the chance of pushing your body past a safe limit or overexerting your body.

These machines also provide more stability than free weights, as less core stability is needed. This is great for anyone with skeletal or muscular imbalances, and means you can put all your energy into working the intended muscle group, not the stabilising muscles.

Using exercise machines is also a great way to learn the main movement patterns involved in weightlifting in a safe and controlled way, build muscle, and increase strength, so that you are able to move to using free weights if you want.

5 machine exercises to do if you have osteoporosis

Osteoporosis affects all the bones throughout the body, so it's important to target all the muscles in your exercise routine. These are some of the best exercise machines for osteoporosis as they work all the major muscle groups.

1. **Leg Press** The leg press is one of the best pieces of workout equipment for osteoporosis. It works the quads, hamstrings, calves, and glutes, and is a safer alternative to the squat as it needs less core strength and technical skill. Moving your feet will allow you to put a greater emphasis on different leg muscles: higher up will work the glutes and hamstrings more, while lower will focus more on the quads and calves. Make sure you maintain good alignment and posture throughout the movement, taking care not to lean forward. Learn [how to leg press correctly here](https://www.puregym.com/exercises/legs/quad-exercises/leg-presses/).
2. **Lat Pull Down** Lat pulldowns are one of the best exercises to strengthen the muscles in your back and can help to improve your posture and stabilise the spine and shoulders. The main muscles worked, the lats, are connected to bones in the upper arms, spine, and hips. The spine and hips are some of the more [commonly fractured bones](https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/osteoporosis/), which makes this exercise great for helping to reduce breaks from osteoporosis. Learn [how to lat pulldown here](https://www.puregym.com/exercises/back/lat-exercises/).
3. **Chest Press** The chest press machine works the pushing muscles (pecs, front delts, and triceps) without the instability of a bench press or press up. This exercise also improves strength in the [forearms and wrist](https://www.puregym.com/exercises/arms-and-shoulders/forearm-and-grip-exercises/), another commonly affected bone.
4. **Shoulder Press** The shoulder is a complex joint with a huge range of motion, but the least amount of stability, which makes it more prone to injuries. The shoulder press machine allows you to safely work the shoulder in a controlled way so you can improve your shoulder strength and stability.
5. **Bicep Curl** Even experienced lifters may find themselves relying on momentum to assist with bicep curls. The bicep curl machine removes this and allows for greater isolation of the biceps. It also helps to engage and stretch the muscles in the upper back.

These exercises can be combined into a full body workout and performed 2-3 times a week. Start with a long low impact warm up, such as walking on the treadmill for 15 minutes, and finish your workout with some stretches -- check out some of our favourite stretches for beginners here.

Aim to do 8-12 reps of each exercise for 2 sets. You should choose a weight where you can manage at least 8 reps, but more than 10-12 is a struggle. Once you can easily do 12 reps, increase the weight so that you are able to do 8 reps and work up to 12 again before repeating the process. This is known as progressive overload and will ensure you are continually putting enough force on the bone and muscle so that the body rebuilds both tissues.

Once you have built up some strength, you may want to progress to free weights. Working with a personal trainer is a great way to find suitable exercises and make sure your form is correct.

Find your nearest PureGym here and get started today.